Supply chains
Horticulture Mining Textile Palm oil Sugar cane Cashew
Supply chains
Publications
Promoting decent work in the horticulture sector in Senegal, Food supply accross borders
Two-page document on conclusions and recommendations for the horticultural sector, November 2024
Also available in Dutch and French
Qualitative research into working conditions in five horticultural sectors in Senegal (mango, green beans, onions, tomatoes, cashews), by Meys MEYS Emerging Markets Research and Nafifu SARL, October 2024
Webinar: Towards Decent Work in horticulture in Senegal
Webinar on research into working conditions in the horticultural sector in Senegal, October 2024
“The South African Mining Sector: Labour Rights in Transition Mineral Mining”
Research into labour rights in the transition minerals mining sector, by Profundo, commissioned by CNV Internationaal and carried out by Diana Quiroz, Manon Stravens, Lara French, Shawn Hattingh and Mthetho Xhali, September 2024
See also the webinar about this research
A fair and sustainable energy transition
On the challenges surrounding the energy transition, with recommendations for the phasing out of coal, for critical raw materials and Just Transition Partnerships, July 2024
The signatories to the IMVO Covenant for the metals sector are launching the Due Diligence Risk Matrix. This is a new tool to help companies identify risks in their value chains. For 39 key raw materials within the metals sector and the renewable energy sector, the matrix shows, on a country-by-country basis, which risks exist and how significant they are. The Risk Matrix was produced by CNV Internationaal, 2024.
Response to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Netherlands Africa Strategy 2023–2030
How equality can be better embedded in the Africa Strategy, particularly in the areas of trade, raw materials and the energy transition (Dutch), June 2023
Towards a just energy transition, labour rights risks in the Latin American Mining Sector.
Research into labour rights violations in the Latin American coal and metal mining sector by Profundo, Quiroz, D., Kuepper, B., Achterberg, E., Rajeevan, C., Warmerdam, W., September 2022
Also available in Spanish
Webinar: Enabling a just transition - OECD partner event
Together with the partners of the Dutch international RBC agreement for the metals sector, 2022
On the hidden risks of outsourcing in the mining supply chain. Violations of labour rights of this kind are difficult to identify through standard due diligence measures such as those recommended by the OECD.
Findings and recommendations from case study research, 2021.
Also available in Spanish
Webinar: Just energy transition - Outsourcing in Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia
Identifying and understanding the hidden risks in mining supply chains – OECD side event, 2021
Fair Work Monitor Copper Peru 2025
This report presents the results of the Fair Work Monitor among copper mining workers in Peru, documenting key findings on occupational health risks, working conditions, and the experiences of both directly employed and outsourced workers in the sector.
Profundo & Fair Work Monitor: Working Conditions Mining sector 2023
The first annual report of the Fair Work Monitor for the Latin American mining sector, providing a comprehensive overview of labour rights conditions among mining workers in Peru and Bolivia based on participatory digital survey data.
Profundo: OHS risks for mining workers in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru 2023
A Profundo study commissioned by CNV Internationaal examining occupational safety and health risks faced by direct and outsourced mining workers across Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, combining survey data with key informant interviews.
Towards a fair and sustainable economic transition 2023
A position paper by CNV Internationaal arguing that the global green energy transition must also be just for mining workers in the Global South, who face poor working conditions and labour rights violations in the supply chains providing metals essential for renewable energy technologies.
Letter from STITCH to the Dutch government regarding the CSDDD, the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, the directive which imposes due diligence obligations on a large group of companies in the areas of sustainability and human rights; STITCH (Sustainable Textile Initiative: Together for Change), of which CNV Internationaal is a member.
This Act was passed on 24 May 2024
The impact of the job creation law on workers' rights in Indonesia (Omnibuslaw)
On the impact of the Omnibus Law, or Job Creation Law, on the labour rights of workers in the textile and palm oil sectors. Joint publication with Mondiaal FNV, 2023
Based on interviews with, amongst others, federations in the textile sector, including the partner trade union Garteks. Interviews conducted between March and August 2022
Making the case for higher wages in the Cambodian garment industry
Fair Work Monitor study by Cambodian trade unions and CNV International on workers’ income and expenditure, which provides insight into the economic situation of workers and supports stakeholders in responding to the circumstances; research report by Profundo, 2023
How trade unions in the garment sector use grievance mechanisms
Presentation of research into the use of grievance mechanisms by trade unions in the clothing sector by Bart Slot, Ethics at Work, October 2022
Position paper on the garment sector CNV Internationaal
Analysis of the issues and recommendations for the clothing industry and the role of CNV Internationaal, March 2022
Five courses of action for clothing brands and recommendations for promoting freedom of association and social dialogue in the clothing industry. Developed on the basis of the OECD Guidelines on Human Rights Due Diligence, in collaboration with companies within the international CSR pact on Sustainable Clothing and Textiles. An initiative by CNV Internationaal and Mondiaal FNV, June 2022
The Importance of Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining for Brands
Background information for clothing brands on freedom of association and collective bargaining, core conventions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Brands are expected to ensure that these frequently violated rights are respected within their value chains in accordance with international guidelines, including the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Published by CNV Internationaal, Mondiaal FNV, the Fair Wear Foundation (FW), the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), ACV-CSC and the Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC), 2021
Factsheet on the garment sector and freedom of association in Bangladesh, 2021
Research into developments in the garment industry in Cambodia by Dennis Arnold, University of Amsterdam, 2021
Video: Multicompany collective bargaining processes
Video on multi-company collective agreements in Vietnam
Fair Work Monitor Textile Cambodia 2025
The 2025 Fair Work Monitor report for Cambodia's garment industry, documenting the living wage gap, worker financial vulnerability, and the link between wages and living conditions, with conclusions and concrete next steps for brands and policymakers.
Fair Work Monitor Textile Cambodia 2024
A Profundo report commissioned by CNV Internationaal arguing that urgent action is needed to raise wages for apparel workers in Cambodia, drawing on Fair Work Monitor survey data to document financial vulnerability and the persistent gap between earnings and the cost of living.
Position Paper Fair Work Monitor Textile Cambodia 2024
A position paper highlighting key Fair Work Monitor findings on wages and debt among Cambodian garment workers and calling on apparel brands to improve purchasing practices and commit to enabling higher wages through minimum wage negotiations and collective agreements.
Fair Work Monitor Textile Cambodia 2023
A Profundo report presenting Fair Work Monitor data on incomes and expenses of garment workers in Cambodia, making the case for higher wages and providing evidence to support stakeholders in addressing the living wage gap in the sector.
Fair Work Monitor Textile Cambodia 2022
A pilot report documenting the first round of participatory digital monitoring among garment workers in Cambodia, examining living wages, income, and expenses to support trade union partners in minimum wage negotiations.
On the role of social dialogue and trade unions in improving labour rights and working conditions in Indonesia’s palm oil sector, in collaboration with Proforest,
2025
On the impact of low wages and inadequate income on the living conditions of palm oil workers in Indonesia, and the importance of living wages,
2025
On the impact of human rights risks and working conditions in the palm oil sector in Guatemala and Honduras, including issues related to labour rights, health and safety, discrimination, forced labour and other human rights concerns,
2025
Also available in Spanish
Trade unions, Key partners in access to remedy - call to action
On the role of trade unions in mitigating the risks of human rights violations in the palm oil sector, such as unpaid overtime, discrimination on the grounds of gender or ethnicity, workplace accidents, health and safety risks, sexual harassment, verbal abuse and forced labour, November 2023
The impact of the job creation law on workers' rights in Indonesia
On the impact of the Omnibus Law, or Job Creation Law, on the labour rights of workers in the textile and palm oil sectors. Research based on interviews with trade unions. Joint publication with Mondiaal FNV, February–April 2023
Creating an alliance for change through social dialogue - call to action and roadmap
On social dialogue as a tool for promoting sustainability: a call to stakeholders in the palm oil industry, and in particular to RSPO members, 2021
Also available in Spanish
Sector analysis Latin American Palm Oil
Research into working conditions in the palm oil sector in Latin America, HRDD (human rights due diligence) practices of palm oil refineries based in the Netherlands, and the influence of the RSPO, by Profundo Research, 2021
Also available in Spanish
Palm Oil Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) Pilot - Mapping in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Research into collective labour agreements on palm oil plantations in West Kalimantan
Palming off responsibility, labour rights violations in the Indonesian palm oil sector
Research and case studies on labour rights violations in the palm oil sector in Indonesia, by SOMO, 2017
Protecting the rights of women workers in palm oil (guidance)
A practical guide to women’s rights at work, for companies and workers in the palm oil industry, published in collaboration with the Indonesian employers’ organisation GAPKI and HUKATAN, our partner trade union in the palm oil sector
Also available in Bahasa Indonesia
How to improve labour conditions in the palm oil industry
Video blog on working conditions in the palm oil industry
Video: How to improve labour conditions in Indonesian palm oil plantations
Good practice video
Also available in Bahasa Indonesia
A 2026 Fair Work Monitor report based on surveys with 342 palm oil plantation and mill workers in Siak and Pelalawan, Indonesia, examining wages, employment security, health and safety, gender equality, housing conditions, and worker voice, with particular attention to the challenges faced by casual workers and women.
Labour Conditions in the Palm Oil Sector: A Data-Driven Policy Report
A comparative analysis of labour conditions across 15 palm oil companies participating in the Siak Pelalawan Landscape Programme, examining living wages, social dialogue, health and safety, gender equality, labour rights risks, and employment security to identify patterns, company differences, and opportunities for strengthening decent work.
Fair Work Monitor Palm oil Latin America 2025
A 2025 Fair Work Monitor report examining the gap between RSPO certification standards and the actual working conditions of palm oil workers in Guatemala and Honduras, with findings on contractual vulnerability, living wages, forced labour, and social dialogue.
Indonesia Palm Oil 2025: A minimum wage is not a living wage
Based on Fair Work Monitor survey data among Indonesian palm oil workers, this report demonstrates that statutory minimum wages fall significantly short of a living wage and examines the link between wages, union presence, and workers' living conditions.
Roundtable on Sutainable Palm Oil Policy Note 2025
A policy note addressed to RSPO members presenting Fair Work Monitor findings from palm oil supply chains in Central America and Indonesia, offering evidence-based guidance on strengthening labour practices and supporting meaningful social dialogue within the RSPO framework.
Fair Work Monitor Palm oil Honduras 2024
This report presents the results of the first round of participatory digital monitoring among 124 palm oil workers in Honduras, documenting labour rights conditions in the sector in collaboration with trade union federation FESTAGRO.
Fair Work Monitor Palm oil Guatemala 2024
This report presents findings from the first round of participatory digital monitoring among 65 palm oil workers in Guatemala, focusing on labour rights conditions in the supply chain in partnership with anti-forced-labour organisation CONDEG.
A joint initiative by CNV Internationaal and Oxfam presenting the Palm Oil Rights Observatory for Honduras and Guatemala, designed to strengthen awareness of RSPO standards among local communities and civil society organisations and promote rights-based social dialogue.
Fair Work Monitor Report Sugar cane
Report on participatory monitoring amongst workers in the sugarcane sector in Latin America, 2025
Also available in Spanish
A living wage throughout the cane sugar supply chain
Position paper and roadmap for a living wage in the sugarcane industry by CNV Internationaal in collaboration with the Platform Living Wage Financials (PLWF), 2021
The Sugarcane Value chain in Latin America and Asia main actors, market mechanisms, labour issues.
Research by Profundo Research, 2020
Also available in Spanish
Fair Work Monitor Colombia Sugarcane 2025 Infographic
A visual summary of the 2025 Fair Work Monitor results in Colombia's sugarcane sector, illustrating the gap between workers' actual wages and a living wage and highlighting the importance of collective bargaining for improving labour conditions.
Fair Work Monitor Colombia Sugarcane 2025
A detailed wage report presenting Fair Work Monitor findings among sugarcane workers in Colombia, analysing earnings, job profiles, and the distance from minimum wage to living wage as part of CNV Internationaal's roadmap towards fair pay in the sector.
Fair Work Monitor Latin America Sugarcane 2024
This report strengthens the evidence base for living wages in the Latin American sugarcane industry, presenting worker survey findings on wages, expenses, and well-being and outlining next steps for evidence-based collective bargaining.
Fair Work Monitor Latin America Sugarcane 2022
The first annual report of the Labour Rights Observatory for the Latin American cane sugar sector, covering social dialogue, freedom of association, and labour rights conditions among sugarcane workers across the region based on participatory digital monitoring data.
Position paper & road map Living wage sugar supply chain 2021
A position paper and road map by CNV Internationaal setting out key findings on wages in the global cane sugar supply chain and outlining concrete steps towards achieving a living wage for sugarcane workers, including a sectoral task force and Bonsucro-aligned benchmarks.
Study into working conditions in the cashew sector in Côte d’Ivoire, by Fair Match Support, February 2024
Also available in French
